One controversy during his presidency was his, Van Buren's father owned six slaves. Senator … [48] The case raised McKinley's standing among laborers, a crucial part of the Stark County electorate, and also introduced him to Hanna, who would become his strongest backer in years to come. [75] Although McKinley believed that the health of the nation depended on that of business, he was evenhanded in dealing with labor. [36] Finally assigned to Carroll's staff again, McKinley acted as the general's first and only adjutant. [195] As in 1896, Bryan embarked on a speaking tour around the country while McKinley stayed at home, this time making only one speech, to accept his nomination. McKinley was president during the Spanish–American War of 1898, raised protective tariffs to boost American industry, and rejected the expansionary monetary policy of free silver, keeping the nation on the gold standard. [182][183] Gould concluded regarding race, "McKinley lacked the vision to transcend the biases of his day and to point toward a better future for all Americans". The final 1:08 of this sound file (starting at 5:40) contains an excerpt from one of his 1896 campaign speeches. [134] As pressure for war mounted in Congress, McKinley continued to negotiate for Cuban independence. As this was prior to the adoption of the, In 1896, some of McKinley's comrades lobbied for him to be belatedly awarded the, Recent historiography emphasizes the humanitarian motivations for the initial war decision. McKinley drifted in and out of consciousness all day; when awake he was the model patient. [21], That September, McKinley's regiment was called east to reinforce General John Pope's Army of Virginia at the Second Battle of Bull Run. The First Lady sobbed over him, "I want to go, too. [172] News of a possible departure from the gold standard stirred up immediate opposition from its partisans, and misgivings by the Indian administration led Britain to reject the proposal. [82], McKinley campaigned widely for Republicans in the 1894 midterm congressional elections; many party candidates in districts where he spoke were successful. Andrew Johnson Franklin Pierce. [39] Carroll and Hancock encouraged McKinley to apply for a place in the peacetime army, but he declined and returned to Ohio the following month. [194] Democrats knew the war had been popular, even if the imperialism issue was less sure, so they focused on the issue of trusts and corporate power, painting McKinley as the servant of capital and big business. His popularity was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt's. The new republic, dominated by business interests, had overthrown the Queen in 1893 when she rejected a limited role for herself. [127] However while public opinion called for war to liberate Cuba, McKinley favored a peaceful approach, hoping that through negotiation, Spain might be convinced to grant Cuba independence, or at least to allow the Cubans some measure of autonomy. McKinley indicated his support for bimetallism if England, … [28], McKinley and his regiment moved to the Shenandoah Valley as the armies broke from winter quarters to resume hostilities. [238] The territorial expansion of 1898 is often seen by historians as the beginning of American empire. [149] In an intense day-long battle, the American force was victorious, although both sides suffered heavy casualties. The convention nominated Republican National Committee vice chairman Garret Hobart of New Jersey for vice president, a choice actually made, by most accounts, by Hanna. [113] Phillips argues that, with the possible exception of Iowa Senator Allison, McKinley was the only Republican who could have defeated Bryan—he theorized that eastern candidates such as Morton or Reed would have done badly against the Illinois-born Bryan in the crucial Midwest. McKinley had spoken out against lynching while governor, and most African Americans who could still vote supported him in 1896. [93][94], Before the Republican convention, McKinley had been a "straddle bug" on the currency question, favoring moderate positions on silver such as accomplishing bimetallism by international agreement. The only slave he personally owned, Tom, escaped in 1814. [10] Among them were McKinley and his cousin William McKinley Osbourne, who enlisted as privates in the newly formed Poland Guards in June 1861. McKinley insisted that a court of inquiry first determine whether the explosion was accidental. ... and justice, resting on the consent of the governed, to a doctrine of brutal selfishness, looking only to our own advantage. Based on past results, Democrats thought the new boundaries should produce a Democratic majority of 2000 to 3000. Once there, they crowded close to the front porch—from which they surreptitiously whittled souvenirs—as their spokesman addressed McKinley. The following day, a funeral service was held at the First Methodist Church; the casket was then sealed and taken to the McKinley house, where relatives paid their final respects. When President McKinley was assassinated and Theodore Roosevelt took office in 1901, progressivism became a powerful national movement. The primary purposes of such imposts was not to raise revenue, but to allow American manufacturing to develop by giving it a price advantage in the domestic market over foreign competitors. [187] McKinley affirmed that the choice belonged to the convention, not to him. McKinley's priority, however, was in ending sectionalism, and they were disappointed by his policies and appointments. [27] Early in 1864, the Army command structure in West Virginia was reorganized, and the division was assigned to George Crook's Army of West Virginia. He owned about nine slaves before becoming vice president, and is rumored to have fathered children with one of them. Critics replied by saying that he could at least publicly condemn such events, as Harrison had done. His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial and, together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office, led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890. The Democrats had pamphlets too, though not as many. [175] By 1900, with another campaign ahead and good economic conditions, McKinley urged Congress to pass such a law, and was able to sign the Gold Standard Act on March 14, 1900, using a gold pen to do so. [c] With the Republicans in the minority, McKinley was given unimportant committee assignments, which he undertook conscientiously. He was elected governor of Ohio in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests. Theodore Roosevelt had rushed back to Buffalo and took the oath of office as president. [203] After hearing a speech by anarchist Emma Goldman in Cleveland, Czolgosz had decided to take action that he believed would advance the cause. B) American slaves were receiving weapons from Spain. He was an honorary member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He usually rises in the estimation of scholars who study his life in detail. Graduating from Poland Seminary in 1859, McKinley enrolled the following year at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania. However, he proved a valuable adviser both for McKinley and for his Cabinet members. McKinley needed to have Hanna appointed to the Senate so Senator Sherman was moved up. [206] McKinley was taken to the Exposition aid station, where the doctor was unable to locate the second bullet. [188] After a stint as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Roosevelt had resigned and raised a cavalry regiment; they fought bravely in Cuba, and Roosevelt returned home covered in glory. In 1876, he was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party's expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity. The candidate then responded, speaking on campaign issues in a speech molded to suit the interest of the delegation. I have to think when I speak. [44] In 1869, McKinley ran for the office of prosecuting attorney of Stark County, an office that had historically been held by Democrats, and was unexpectedly elected. Among the most important domestic issues that President William McKinley had to deal with during his presidency, bimetallism and tariff legislation loomed large. [8] Although his health recovered, family finances declined and McKinley was unable to return to Allegheny. William McKinley Sr was born in Pennsylvania, in Pine Township, Mercer County. Traveling mostly by rail, the McKinleys were to travel through the South to the Southwest, and then up the Pacific coast and east again, to conclude with a visit on June 13, 1901, to the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. 11. [28] McKinley later said the combat there was "as desperate as any witnessed during the war". William McKinley served in the U.S. Congress, as governor of Ohio and as 25th U.S. president during the Spanish-American War before his assassination in 1901. Woodrow Wilson was the last president born into a household with slave labor, though the Civil War concluded during his childhood. Jeffrey Bloodworth, "For Love or for Money? He intended the speech as a keynote to his plans for a second term. [29] Hunter believed the troops at Lynchburg were too powerful, however, and the brigade returned to West Virginia. McKinley's 'Front Porch Campaign' became a legend in American political history. [185] McKinley's popularity in his first term assured him of renomination for a second. Eliminate D) Spain had violated treaties after World War I by building up their navy and army. [218] It was then transported to the receiving vault at West Lawn Cemetery in Canton, to await the construction of the memorial to McKinley already being planned. [16] Their first contact with the enemy came in September when they drove back Confederate troops at Carnifex Ferry in present-day West Virginia. During his presidency, McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and kept the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of the expansionary monetary policy of free silver.. A … [196] Roosevelt emerged as the campaign's primary speaker and Hanna helped the cause working to settle a coal miners strike in Pennsylvania. [76] He procured legislation that set up an arbitration board to settle work disputes and obtained passage of a law that fined employers who fired workers for belonging to a union. [114] According to the biographer, though Bryan was popular among rural voters, "McKinley appealed to a very different industrialized, urbanized America. We must avoid the temptation of territorial aggression. [174] In the absence of international agreement, McKinley favored legislation to formally affirm the gold standard, but was initially deterred by the silver strength in the Senate. [169] Hay and the British ambassador, Julian Pauncefote, agreed that the United States could control a future canal, provided that it was open to all shipping and not fortified. Congratulations! [24][b] McKinley's regiment suffered many casualties, but the Army of the Potomac was victorious and the Confederates retreated into Virginia. [177] When black postmasters at Hogansville, Georgia in 1897, and at Lake City, South Carolina the following year, were assaulted, McKinley issued no statement of condemnation. Hobart, a wealthy lawyer, businessman, and former state legislator, was not widely known, but as Hanna biographer Herbert Croly pointed out, "if he did little to strengthen the ticket he did nothing to weaken it". By 1895, the conflict had expanded to a war for Cuban independence. William McKinley Jr. was born in 1843 in Niles, Ohio, the seventh of nine children of William McKinley Sr. and Nancy (née Allison) McKinley. Tyler never freed any of his slaves and consistently supported the slaveholder's rights and the expansion of slavery during his time in political office. [189] The Ohio senator considered the New Yorker overly impulsive; his stance was undermined by the efforts of political boss and New York Senator Thomas C. Platt, who, disliking Roosevelt's reform agenda, sought to sideline the governor by making him vice president. [187] McKinley initially favored Elihu Root, who had succeeded Alger as Secretary of War, but McKinley decided that Root was doing too good a job at the War Department to move him. [198] On November 6, 1900, he was proven correct, winning the largest victory for any Republican since 1872. McKinley, however, was determined to obtain the nomination without making deals, and Hanna accepted that decision. [207], In the days after the shooting, McKinley appeared to improve. When I saw him last I was convinced both of his perfect health, physically and mentally, and that the prospects of life were remarkably good. [54] The United States had effectively been placed on the gold standard by the Coinage Act of 1873; when silver prices dropped significantly, many sought to make silver again a legal tender, equally with gold. James Polk. [199] Bryan carried only four states outside the solid South, and McKinley even won Bryan's home state of Nebraska. In 1896, a gold prospector gave McKinley's name to Denali, the tallest mountain in North America at 20,310 feet (6,190 m). Although the President received a rapturous reception from Southern whites, many African Americans, excluded from official welcoming committees, felt alienated by the President's words and actions. He failed to gain the post, which went to Thomas B. Reed of Maine; however, Speaker Reed appointed McKinley chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from, Gerrymandering and defeat for re-election, Vice President Hobart died in office. Favorite pamphlets became dog-eared, grimy, fell apart as their owners laboriously restudied their arguments and quoted from them in public and private debate. Such a course would be inflationary, but advocates argued that the economic benefits of the increased money supply would be worth the inflation; opponents warned that "free silver" would not bring the promised benefits and would harm the United States in international trade. There was obviously the most serious danger that his wounds would become septic. [2] The Allison family was of mostly English descent and among Pennsylvania's earliest settlers. As president, he generally supported the rights of slave owners. But President William McKinley insisted that the Philippines be included. [5] He was a lifelong pious Methodist. [49] Delegates to the county conventions thought he could attract blue-collar voters, and in August 1876, McKinley was nominated. But he is once again at the center of events, where he started. And so, the Americans came up with a face-saving compromise. The impartial noblemen from Virginia was supposedly against slavery, but he still owned a large group of slaves on his plantation at Monticello. Nevertheless, he made the appointment. July 9 th, 1950 President Zachary Taylor succumbed to a digestive illness thought to be brought on by eating raw fruit and drinking milk at a July 4 th celebration. [222], In addition to the Canton site there are many memorials to McKinley. [110] By then, it was clear that public support for silver had receded, and McKinley began to emphasize the tariff issue. [26] McKinley and his comrades saw little action until July 1863, when the division skirmished with John Hunt Morgan's cavalry at the Battle of Buffington Island. Crook's corps was attached to Major General David Hunter's Army of the Shenandoah and soon back in contact with Confederate forces, capturing Lexington, Virginia, on June 11. After his death, there were rumors that slavery advocates had poisoned him; tests of his body over 100 years later have been inconclusive. Sally Hemings, a slave he met in Paris and took back with him to Monticello, was a very light skinned black slave and could actually pass for a tanned white … [48], McKinley's good standing with labor became useful that year as he campaigned for the Republican nomination for Ohio's 17th congressional district. McKinley won the entire Northeast and Midwest; he won 51% of the vote and an ample majority in the Electoral College. I want to go, too. When Ohio was reached in the roll call of states, its votes gave McKinley the nomination, which he celebrated by hugging his wife and mother as his friends fled the house, anticipating the first of many crowds that gathered at the Republican candidate's home. As the only big-city surgeon on the case, he was eagerly questioned and quoted, and his rosy prognostications largely contributed to the delusion of the American public. [43], When his Army friend Rutherford B. Hayes was nominated for governor in 1867, McKinley made speeches on his behalf in Stark County, his first foray into politics. Czolgosz concealed his gun in a handkerchief and, when he reached the head of the line, shot McKinley twice in the abdomen at close range. Although Taylor owned slaves throughout his life, he generally resisted attempts to expand slavery in the territories. The Department of the Interior followed suit in August 2015 as a part of a visit to Alaska by President Barack Obama. Morton operatives who journeyed to Indiana sent word back that they had found the state alive for McKinley. [23] After severe losses, Union forces drove back the Confederates and continued to Sharpsburg, Maryland, where they engaged Lee's army at the Battle of Antietam, one of the bloodiest battles of the war. William McKinley is best known for being president when the United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. [32] By August, Early was retreating south in the valley, with Sheridan's army in pursuit. [29] Before the army could make another attempt, Confederate General Jubal Early's raid into Maryland forced their recall to the north. The United States would pay Spain $20 million for the Philippines. [33] They fended off a Confederate assault at Berryville, where McKinley had a horse shot out from under him, and advanced to Opequon Creek, where they broke the enemy lines and pursued them farther south. Zachary Taylor Andrew Johnson. [40], After the war ended in 1865, McKinley decided on a career in the law and began studying in the office of an attorney in Poland, Ohio. To drive their point home, they hired young partisans to pretend to be peddlers, who went door to door offering 25-cent tinware to housewives for 50 cents, explaining the rise in prices was due to the McKinley Tariff. [137], The expansion of the telegraph and the development of the telephone gave McKinley a greater control over the day-to-day management of the war than previous presidents had enjoyed, and he used the new technologies to direct the army's and navy's movements as far as he was able. He pointed to McKinley's success at building an electoral coalition that kept the Republicans mostly in power for a generation. Other McKinley appointees who later became major figures include Day, whom Roosevelt elevated to the Supreme Court where he remained nearly twenty years, and William Howard Taft, whom McKinley had made Governor-General of the Philippines and who succeeded Roosevelt as president. Hanna urged McKinley to match Bryan's tour with one of his own; the candidate declined on the grounds that the Democrat was a better stump speaker: "I might just as well set up a trapeze on my front lawn and compete with some professional athlete as go out speaking against Bryan. [119] The Navy Department was offered to former Massachusetts Congressman John Davis Long, an old friend from the House, on January 30, 1897. It is manifest destiny. [151] Shafter laid siege to the city of Santiago, which surrendered on July 17, placing Cuba under effective American control. Madison did not free his slaves in his will. Adoption of the platform caused some western delegates, led by Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller, to walk out of the convention. Many people who had suffered in the hard times sympathized with McKinley, whose popularity grew. He was mistaken—silver and gold dominated the campaign. [170], McKinley had built his reputation in Congress on high tariffs, promising protection for American business and well-paid American factory workers.

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