• The name Kariba comes from the local word Kariva or karinga, meaning “trap”, which refers to a rock that was thrust out of the swirling water at the entrance of the gorge, where the dam wall was to be built. Even so, many were successfully rescued.One story tells of a game ranger who climbed a tree in a swimming costume and gloves to catch a mamba with a noosed stick. But, in the past 50 years, the torrents from the spillway have eroded that bedrock, carving a vast crater that has undercut the dam's foundations. Neither of these measures is foolproof at the Kariba Dam because of how the passage of time has worn it down. Erosion threatens the foundation; it is not the case that the foundation is eroded. The Kariba Dam was the first to be built on the river and is one of the largest in the world. Vast areas of forest and scrub would be inundated. The dam was an initiative of the Federation existing at the time between British ruled Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe) and Nyasaland (Malawi). The matter was solved in 1951 by a board of experts known as “the Panel” who all agreed that the dam be built on the Zambezi River, at the Kariba Gorge site.In August 1955 , the then Federal Government of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi) called for tenders for the construction of the wall and power station was awarded to the Italian consortium Impresit on 16 July 1956Kariba Dam was designed by the French engineer and inventor Andre Coyne. Caught at night on kapenta rigs they are dried and salted and keep without refrigeration and have formed an important source of protein for local people for decades.But the once booming kapenta fishing industry is now on its knees. It enters the Indian Ocean in Mozambique at Quelimane.It flows for some 2 650 kilometers from its source to the Indian Ocean. Since the late 1950s, it has sat on the Zambezi River, on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe, in one of the zigzagging gorges that ripple the land there.

But over six decades of the waters’ rushing through it, tumbling over it and crashing down on its other side have carved a pit at its base and erosion threatens its foundations. At that crucial juncture, why did the federation’s government follow the Kariba fork?It was a question of power. It provides 1,830 megawatts of hydroelectric power to both countries and holds back the world’s largest reservoir.

The odds against another flood occurring the following year were about a thousand to one – but flood it did – three metres higher than the previous year. The water rose 66 feet and drowned the cofferdam that was in place for construction. It was a mammoth task and beset by numerous hazards. Perhaps human folly is culturally relative.When they were first informed about the dam, the Gwembe Native Authority made a set of 24 demands respecting their rights — to land, property, reparations, protection, information. The Tonga way of farming, which relied on seasonal floods and leaving land fallow, wasn’t possible here. Lake Kariba is among the largest man-made lakes in the world and the second largest in Africa, after the Aswan Dam with a shoreline over 2,000 kilometres long. The matter was solved in 1951 by a board of experts known as “The Panel” who all agreed that the dam be built on the Zambezi River, at the Kariba Gorge site." The largest tributary of the Zambezi was the Kafue, which flowed into it from the north at the center of the segment of the river between the two Rhodesias. The structure is 420 feet (128 m) high with a crest 1,899 feet (579 m) in length and a volume of 1,350,000 (This focus on the wildlife as the principal victims has persisted as the central story of Kariba; a recent BBC article about the dam revolves around a lone baboon “marooned” on an island in the Zambezi. Kariba remains the worst dam-resettlement disaster in African history.In a quest to restore their lives and find justice, the Tonga formed their own advocacy group in 2000, the Basilwizi Trust.The Kariba Dam controls 90% of the total runoff of the Zambezi River, thus changing the downstream ecology dramatically.In March 2014, at a conference organized by the On 3 October 2014 the BBC reported that “The Kariba Dam is in a dangerous state. Kariva rock itself was testament to a river that had knocked away its stony triplets, a river so powerful that it seemed that a god must live inside it.A river can channel water into an immense power. When the floodgates were opened in 2010, 6,000 people had to be evacuated.Climate change catastrophizes the weather — and when it comes to such extremes, dams are, well, inflexible.
Literally thousands of wild animals would lose their habitats and, more importantly, the local villages would have to be relocated.
These new lands had poor, stony soil.

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