They all had certain characteristics in common. Before some tribal ceremonies, a performer would smear his skin with plant substances which numbed it and permitted him to bear intense heat and the pain of sharp instruments.I would like to have your permission to print this article – enough for a class set of 40 copies for my junior high Exploring Health Occupations class.

Surgical procedures were not always performed by the medicine man, for there were often others skilled in this kind of work.Since illness among primitive peoples was caused by gods, spirits, and magic, the purpose of diagnosis was to determine the offense committed and the person or spirit administering the punishment.

Sometimes this healer was the sole practitioner in a tribe or clan.

Among the Ural-Altaic communities the supernatural duties of a shaman might be divided among a communicator with the spirits, a soothsayer foretelling events, and a sorcerer to cast magical spells. * A lecture delivered to the Boston Medical History Club, November 13, 1945.This article has no abstract; the first 100 words appear below.Prepare to become a physician, build your knowledge, lead a health care organization, and advance your career with NEJM Group information and services.ANY discussion of so-called "primitive medicine" must begin with an essential clarification. The medical ideas and practices among primitive cultures of today show considerable variety, differing in accord with geography and a society’s historical heritage. The African witch doctor might ensnare the offending spirit in a cockroach enticed into a basket trap by bits of food or blood. In some societies there were both good and bad spirits; in others, spirits were benign when pleased, harmful when offended.A sick or disabled person was regarded in different ways by different peoples. However, some diseases were definitely introduced later by advanced civilizations. Ancient Greek doctors included Hippocrates, the “father of medicine.” How did the Greeks practice medicine, and how does this relate to health in our times?

The American Indians had an especially rich knowledge of medicinal herbs. For illnesses not requiring religious rites, herbalists—male or female—were usually consulted, but chants and prayers accompanied the administration of drugs. The Romans believed that the blood of fallen gladiators … Although amputations were performed, they seem to have been mainly ritualistic. For instance, the Arizona Indians had a specialist for the weather, for sicknesses, for injuries, and for snakebite. Medicine, Primitive (n.). Women could also follow this special career, and in many primitive societies they were fully accepted as healers and sorcerers.Surgery consisted principally of treatment for wounds and injuries to the bones.

Long before the colonial period in Africa, some tribes had practiced a type of protection against smallpox by variolation (inserting fluid from smallpox blisters under the skin). On the other hand, in addition to the risk of being possessed by a spirit, there was a danger of losing one’s own soul.As for the mentally ill, primitive societies have shown the same variety of attitudes as advanced cultures. On the other hand, some primitives took pains to keep wounds protected and dry.

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